Rwanda
Rwanda requires every person carrying out taxable activities to issue certified invoices from the Rwanda Revenue Authority’s Electronic Billing Machine (EBM) system for every sale, whether or not registered for VAT.
Guide reviewed .
Invoicing and electronic documents
EBM (Electronic Billing Machine)
RRA’s certified invoicing system. It records sales and stock, and its sales data can be used to prepare VAT returns. It is a national fiscal system, not connected to Peppol.
Certified EBM invoice · Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)
EBM versions
EBM v2.1 for Windows computers and tablets; EBM v2.1 for Android smartphones, for non-VAT-registered and micro or small newly registered taxpayers; Online EBM, a web version for service providers issuing no more than ten invoices a month; and the Virtual Sales Data Controller (VSDC) for taxpayers whose own invoicing system must integrate with EBM.
RRA applications; VSDC integration requires RRA certification · Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)
Peppol
Rwanda has no national Peppol Authority, so OpenPeppol acts as the authority. No Peppol use for domestic invoicing was found in the RRA sources reviewed; Peppol delivery does not replace an EBM invoice.
Peppol BIS Billing where trading partners agree to use it · Official source: OpenPeppol · Peppol Authorities
Rwanda’s regime is certified invoicing, not an exchange network. An invoice counts for tax purposes when it is issued through EBM. A business with its own ERP or point-of-sale system needs VSDC certification from RRA so that the invoices it produces are EBM invoices. See RRA’s EBM guidance.
A Peppol invoice to a Rwandan buyer does not replace the EBM invoice. If you send one, make sure it carries the same details as the EBM document.
Legal guide
Certified invoices · all sales
MandatoryEvery person who carries out taxable activities, whether or not registered for VAT, must issue an EBM invoice to the buyer for every sale. RRA cites Law No. 020/2023 of 31/03/2023 on tax procedures and Ministerial Order No. 008/16/10/TC of 01/11/2016, which amends Ministerial Order No. 002/13/10/TC of 31/07/2013 on the use of certified electronic billing machines.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)Purchase code
In use since May 2023RRA introduced a purchase code in May 2023 to protect taxpayers’ TINs. The EBM pages reviewed do not describe how it is used in detail.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)Penalties
In forceSelling without an EBM invoice carries a fine of ten times the VAT evaded, or RWF 200,000 for a taxpayer not registered for VAT, doubling on repetition. Underpriced EBM invoices are fined at ten times the VAT evaded. Further sanctions include 30-day business closure, exclusion from public tenders and withdrawal of business registration.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)B2B and B2G · structured e-invoicing
No e-invoicing obligation found in the sources reviewedRRA’s EBM guidance reviewed for this guide requires certified EBM invoices. It describes no obligation to exchange structured electronic invoices between businesses or with public bodies.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)
Timeline
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Ministerial order on certified billing machines
Ministerial Order No. 002/13/10/TC set the modalities for using certified electronic billing machines.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English) -
EBM order amended
Ministerial Order No. 008/16/10/TC amended the 2013 order.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English) -
Law on tax procedures
Law No. 020/2023 on tax procedures was adopted; RRA cites it as a legal basis for the EBM obligation and its penalties.
Official source: RRA · About EBM (English)
Peppol in Rwanda
- Directory participants
- Not recorded
- Document families
- Not recorded
Peppol Authority: OpenPeppol.
Peppol Directory data as of .
How to read these numbersDocuments on Peppol
No document-support data has been published for this country.
Registrations over time
No registration history has been published for this country.
Registration dates in the current Directory snapshot.
Participants
No participants are recorded for this country in the Directory snapshot. This does not establish absence from Peppol.